You may recall from history that President George Washington married Martha Custis, a widow with children. However, you may not know the story about the Custis family and this unusual tombstone at Arlington in Northampton County, Virginia.
The John Custis (born 1678) on this tombstone had only one son, Daniel Parke Custis who married Martha so he was her father-in-law. After Daniel Parke Custis died, Martha married George Washington.
First for a little background
- John Custis (1629-1696) was a member of the governor’s Council (1677–1692) and thought to be the founder of the Custis family in Virginia. He was raised in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, and moved to the Eastern Shore of Virginia in 1649 or 1650. His parents were Johanna Wittingham Custis and Henry Custis, a native of Gloucestershire, England, who operated a Rotterdam tavern, that served as the hub of the city’s English expatriate community. They are believed to have joined their daughter, Ann Custis Yeardley, wife of in Northampton, Virginia in the early days of Northampton County, Virginia. Argall Yeardley, son of Governor Sir George Yeardley and a prominent planter and member of the governor’s Council. Custis became wealthy through land speculation, tobacco planting, and facilitating trade between Virginia and the Netherlands and its colonies. Early in the 1670s he built a mansion in Northampton County and named it Arlington; the house was the namesake of Arlington House, (below) the nineteenth-century home of the Washington, Custis, and Lee families built by George Washington Parke Custis between 1802-1818. He supported Governor Sir William Berkeley during Bacon’s Rebellion (1676–1677) and was appointed to the governor’s Council in 1677. He retired in 1692 and died in 1696. He is buried at the cemetery on his Arlington Plantation in Northampton County, Virginia. Sometime before January 15, 1652, Custis married a widow, Elizabeth Robinson Eyer (or Eyre). Before she died two or three years later they had one son, John Custis (ca. 1654–1714), who also served on the governor’s Council. About 1656 Custis married the thrice-widowed Alicia Travellor Burdett Walker. and about 1679 he married the twice-widowed Tabitha Scarburgh Smart Browne, a daughter of Edmund Scarburgh (d. 1671), one of the Eastern Shore’s leading planters and a former Speaker of the House of Burgesses. Custis and his second and third wives had no children who grew to adulthood.
John Custis (ca. 1654–1714), who was also a Council member, married Margaret Michael in 1677, and his father transferred to his son fifteen hundred acres in Northampton County, Virginia. They had nine children, one son was John Custis born 1678- John Custis (August 1678–after 14 November 1749) was a member of the Governor’s Council in the British Colony of Virginia. Often he is designated as John Custis of Williamsburg to distinguish him from his grandfather, father, and other relatives of the same name. John Custis (born Aug. 1678) was born at his father’s Arlington Plantation in Northampton County, Virginia. On 4 May 1706 he married Frances Parke, the elder daughter and heiress of Daniel Parke, governor of the Leeward Islands. He moved to Williamsburg, Virginia by 1717. There he created a magnificent 4-acre garden and corresponded with many celebrated horticulturists and naturalists, including John Bartram, Mark Catesby, and Peter Collinson.
John Custis petitioned to set a slave child free
John Custis served on the governor’s Council from 1727 until increasingly ill health forced him to request to be suspended in August 1749. In 1744, John Custis took the extraordinary step of petitioning the Governor and Council to set a slave child free. The petition stated the boy was “Christened John but commonly called Jack, born of the body of his Negro wench, Alice.”
Unusual Statement in Will
He died soon after completing his will on 14 November 1749. At his request, he was buried on the Eastern Shore of Virginia at the Arlington plantation’s Custis Tombs. Here are his actual words:
My executor to lay out and expend as soon as possible after my decease, out of my estate, the sum of one hundred pounds sterling to buy a handsome tombstone of the best durable white marble, large and built up of the more durable sonte that can be purchased, for pillars, very decent and handsome to lay over my dead body, engraved on the tombstone my coat of arms, which are 3 parrots, and my will is that the following inscription may be also handsomely engraved on the said stone vizt “Under this Marlbe Stone lyes the Body of the Honourable John Custis Esquire of the City of Williamsburgh and parish of Bruton formerly of Hungars Parish on the Eastern Shoar of Virginia and County of Northampton the place of his Nativity aged —- years and yet lived but seven years which was the space of time he kept a batchelors house at Arlington on the Eastern Shoar of Virginia this inscription put on this stone by his own positive orders.”
And I do desire and my will is and I strictly require it that as soon as possible my real dead body, and not a sham coffin, be carried to my plantation on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, called Arlington, and there my real dead body be buried by my Grandfather the Hon John Custis Esquire where a large walnut formerly grew and is now enclosed with a brick wall, which brick wall it is my will and I strictly charge and require it that the said brick wall will always be kept up in good repair very handsomely by my heir that shall enjoy my estate; and if my heir should “ingratefully” or obstinately refuse or neglect to comply with what relates to my burial in every particular then I bar and cut him off from any part of my estate, whether real or personal, and only give him one shilling sterling, to the next heir male of my family named Custis that will religiously and punctually see this my will performed but more especially more what any ways relates to my burial in general, and if by any accident the Tombstone and appurtenances should be lost, broke, or in any ways miscarry in coming in from England, or any other ways whatsoever, in that case my positive will is and I earnestly require it that my heirs or executors immediately send to England for such another stone exactly, with the appurtenances, of the same price, until one shall come safe to hand according to my will and desire.
He and his wife didn’t get along
He had a purpose for doing this. He wanted to know that he was only happy in the seven years when he was not married. John Custis and his wife Frances never got alone during their marriage. It was said that for weeks at a time, they would not speak to each other and related messages through their servants. They quarreled over everything.
A rather humorous incident that describes their marriage is reported in YE KINGDOME OF ACCAWMACKE OR THE EASTERN SHORE OFVIRGINIA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
After one of these long spells of non-intercourse, Mr. Custis dressed himself with great care one day, ordered his best horse and gig to the door, and in the most polite and dignified manner, invited Mrs. Custis to accompany him on a drive. “Certainly, Mr. Custis, certainly, sir, I will be delighted, but when were you ever so courteous before?” inquired the grand lady.
Instead of taking the usual route along the bay beach, the gallant whip headed his horse straight out into the bay, the water deepening very gradually near Arlington. “Where are you going, Mr. Custis ?” asked his wife. “To h — 1, Madam,” he replied. “Drive on,” said she, “any place is preferable to Arlington.”
Presently the water began to enter the gig. “Again I ask, where are you taking me to?” said Mrs. Custis. “To h — 1, Madam, as I have already told you,” answered Mr. Custis.
“And again I say, drive on, Mr. Custis, the prospect is far brighter than that of a return home,” retorted the bold lady.
After proceeding so far out from shore that the horse was all but forced to swim, Mr. Custis turned his animal’s head to the shore, saying to his wife with much emphasis, “If I were to drive to h — 1 and the devil himself came out to meet us, I do not believe, Madam, that you would be frightened.”
“Quite true, sir,” she replied, “I know you so well that I would not be afraid to go where you would go.”
After this adventure, the couple seem to have lived more happily together, for a deed, to which they were both parties, was soon drawn up, in which mutual concessions were made in the hope that domestic tranquillity might ensue.
Custis Tombs, also known as Custis cemetery at Arlington, is a historic family burial ground located near Cheapside, Northampton County, Virginia. It consists of two tombs surrounded by a poured concrete platform raised a few inches above ground level.
The grave of John Custis (1630-1696), Major General and member of the Council for Virginia and progenitor of the Custis family in America. The other tomb is the box-like marble tomb of John Custis IV(1678-1749) with its pyramidal top and drapery carvings on the long sides.The tombs were associated with Arlington mansion and located west of the separately listed Arlington Archeological Site.
The Historical Fiction Series Tapestry of Love
SOURCE
- YE KINGDOME OF ACCAWMACKE OR THE EASTERN SHORE OFVIRGINIA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BY JENNINGS CROPPER WISE MEMBER Virginia Historical Society THE BELL BOOK AND STATIONERY CO. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 1911
Read more about John Custis in the historical fiction novel
Faith and Courage: A Novel of Colonial America (Tapestry of Love) (Volume 2)
